The thickness of the glass slab and the optical density of the glass slab affect the lateral displacement of the emergent ray.
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the total mass of nucleus is lesser than the total mass of protons and neutrons when they are not bound in the nucleus that means they are free. The difference between mass of free nucleons (Proton + Neutrons) and mass of nucleus is called mass defect. This lost mass is converted into energy known as Binding Energy. We know that there are basically four different type of shells, each of which has different capacity to hold the maximum number of electrons. Alpha particles can be generated by removing 2 electrons from helium atom. The electrons are fixed in their orbits according to their energy levels and the electrons shift from the lower energy level (orbits) to higher energy level to gain energy and the electrons which are situated in the higher energy level shift to lower energy level to loose energy. Hence the electrons do not loose energy as they loose and gain energy by this shifting their energy level. |