CBSE Biology Class 09 SA-1 Chapter : Tissues
CBSE solved ,unsolved test papers,Notes, Assignments and Guess Papers (First Term) : First Term: Tissues. Organs, Organ System, Organism Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (four types in animals; meristematic and permanent tissues in plants).
CBSE solved ,unsolved test papers,Notes, Assignments and Guess Papers (First Term) : First Term: Tissues. Organs, Organ System, Organism Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (four types in animals; meristematic and permanent tissues in plants).
Class 09 Biology - Chapter Tissue Solved MCQs
Download Class 09 Biology - Chapter Tissue Solved Questions -1 Download Class 09 Biology - Chapter Tissue Solved Questions-2 Download Class 09 Biology - Chapter Tissue Solved Questions-3 Download 9th Biology Chapter Tissue Study Notes Download File
|
Class 09 Biology - Chapter Tissue Solved Question from Board exams -1 Download
Class 09 Biology - Chapter Tissue Solved Question from Board exams -2 Download
|
Plants Tissue class 9: Histology: The branch of biology which deals with the study of tissue is histology.
Plant Tissue
Meristematic tissue or meristem: This type of tissue is made up cells, which are constantly dividing to play an important role in the growth of the plant.
Meristematic tissue can be grouped into three types- apical meristem, lateral meristem and the intercalary meristem.
1. Apical ( terminal ) meristem: It is located at the growing tips or apices of the roots and stems. This tissue is responsible for the increase in the length of the roots and stems.
2. Intercalary meristem: It is located at the base of the nodes and internodes to growth of stem and leaves.
Intercalary meristems at the nodes of bamboo allow for rapid stem elongation, while those at the base of most grass leaf blades allow damaged leaves to rapidly regrow.
3. Lateral meristem: It is located under the bark of trees as cork cambium to increase the girth of the stem.
Permanent tissue: Made up of cell that may loose capacity of division and only increase size and change shape shape
they atre (i) Simple permanent (ii) Complex tissue
Simple permanent tissue: They are made up of only one kind of cells.
1. Parenchyma: They mainly help store food but also provide support in some extend.It is found in stem and root.
They are made up of living cells of thin walled with large vacuole . Cells have large intercellular spaces and loosely packed.
Hybrid parenchyma:
a. In the leaves they have Chloroplast (chlorophyll) and help in photosynthesis so kown as chlorenchyma.
b. In the root of aquatic plant parenchyma have air spaces between their cells. These air spaces provide buoyancy and help to float. This kind of parenchyma is known as arenchyma.
2. Collenchyma: It provides mechanical support and flexibility to plant stem branch and leaves.
They are made up of living cells that are closely packed withouth intercellular spaces. Cells at the corner have thick wall due to compound called Lignin.
3. Sclerenchyma: It provides mechanical support and protection to plant.
They are made up of tightly packed dead cells having thick cell wall Sometime they have no inside space.
Sclereids are a reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified cellular walls that form small bundles of durable layers of tissue in most plants. The presence of numerous sclereids form the cores of apples and produce the gritty texture of pears.
Complex permanent tissue : They are made up of more than one kind of cells. Mainly responcible for coduction of food and water.
a.Zylem: it consist of Tracheids ; vessels ; xylem parenchyma; xylem fibre ( sclerenchyma).
Except xylem parenchyma, all other xylem elements are dead & bounded by thick lignified walls.
Tracheids are tubular dead cells that conduct water
Vessels are very long tube-like structures formed by a row of dead cells placed end to end. This also transport water and minerals. These are usually present in big trees.
Xylem parenchyma are made up of living cells and store food.
Xylem fibre ( sclerenchyma) are made up of elongated dead cells with lignin and provide support
The walls of tracheids, vessels & sclerenchyma of xylem are lignified; they also give mechanical strength to the plant body.
b. Phloem : It is composed of following four elements or cells.
1. sievetubes : Transport sugar/food from leaves to steam and root.
2. companioncells: conduct food to sieve tubes
3.phloem parenchyma : store food
4.phloem fibres: provide support
Except for phloem fibres, phloem cells are living cells.
Protective tissue-
a. Epdermis: They have one cell thick outermost layer of the organs of plants, such as, leaves, flowers, stems and roots. This layer of cells is covered from the outside by the cuticle. In desert plant cutical prevent loss of water
b. Cork: It is made up of dead cells with thick walls, with no intercellular spaces, found in older stems and roots of dicot plants. As the dicot plants get older, the single layer of epidermis is replaced by a multi-layer cork cells.
Animal tissue
1. Epithelial tissue: These mainly covering of internal and external organs. These are continuous layer of tightly packed cells and having no intracellular spaces. Cells of epithelial tissues are permeable that allow air and water movement
1. Simple epithelial tissue : They are made up of only a single layer of flate and thin cells and help in tansportation found in lining of mouth and oesophagus.
a. Stratified Epithelial tissues: Normally Epithelial tissues are a single layer but some time they are of many layers like Skin epithelial cells. These help in replacing worn out tissue. This kind of epithelial tissues is called stratified squamous epithelial tissues.
2. Columner epithelial tissues: Some time the cells of epithelial tissues are not flat but elongated these are called Pyramidal or Ccolumnar epithelial tissues like lining of intestine that help in movement of substance
3. Ciliated epithelial tissues: Some time cells have hair like structure called cilia that help in the movement of substances like lining of respiratory track
4. Cuboidal epithelial tissues: Some time epithelial tissues have cells having equal length and breadth. These are called Cuboidal epithelial tissues . They are found in the lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands where it provides mechanical support.
5. Glandular epithelial tissues: Some time the cells of Cuboidal epithelial tissues get folding inside and form multicellular gland. These gland help in secretion of enzymes and hormones. These are called glandular epithelial tissues like salivary gland
2. Connective tissue: These tissues help to connect all parts of body. Cells are loosely arranged in matrix.
a. Blood: Blood plasma is the matrix of Blood. The cells are RBC and WBC that carry O2 and CO2
b. Bones : Provide fame work of body that support to body. Protect organs like brain spinal cord.
They are hard but brittle. Bones are hard as their matrix are made up of the compound calcium and phosphorous.
The cells in bones are arranged in a ring and having cavity that is known as bone marrow.
Teeth are the hardest connective tissue.
c. Cartilage: Bones are inflexible but we bend arts of body due to joint where bones join together. When we move bones there is friction at joint.
Cartilage is the flexible Connective tissue that reduces friction of bones at joint and help in smooth bending. Ear and nose also have cartilage not bones. Their matrixes are made up of protein and sugar. Cells are scattered in matrix.
d. Ligament: These are connective tissue that helps to join bones to bones. Having less matrix, limited strength and elastic
e. Tendon: Tissue that connect muscles to bones. These are no elastic but fibrous and strong.
f. Areolar connective tissue: Tissue found between skin and organ and works like a packaging material. It is made up of collagen, yellow and white fibre. It supports internal organs and aids in repair of tissues
g. Adipose connective tissue: Excess fats are stored under skin. Adipose is a connective tissue having fat molecules .It acts as insulator
3. Muscular tissue: Help in voluntary and involuntary muscular activity. Muscular tissues are made up of protein called contractile proteins that help in contraction
a. Striated muscular tissue: They are long and cylindrical and multinucleated. They have alternate light and dark bands so they are known as striated muscular tissue. Help in voluntary muscular movements.
b. Smooth or unstriated muscular tissue: Having no light and dark bands and cells have single nuclei and spindle shape. Help in involuntary muscular movements
c. Cardiac muscles: Found specially in heart. Usually single nucleated and few striation. These are branched
4. Nervous tissue: Brain and spinal cord are are made up of special kind of tissue called Nervous tissue. Neuron is the functional unit of Nervous system so Neuron is the kind of Nervous tissue
Each neuron consists of three parts:
i) Cyton or cell body or perikaryon : It is star shaped having a single nucleus in the centre.
ii) Dendrons : The dendrons are short processes arising from the cyton and further branching into thin dendrites. They carry impulse towards the cell body.
iii) Axon : It is a single , long , cylindrical process arising from cyton which branch terminally. It carries message away from cyton. In most neurons, the axon is surrounded by a white sheath called medullary or myelin sheath. The medullary sheath is not continuous throughout the length, the gaps left are called Nodes of Ranvier.The medullary sheath of the axon acts like an insulation and prevents mixing of impulses in the adjacent axons.
Neurons enclosed in sheaths forms a nerve fibre and nerve fibres bound together in parallel bundles form a nerve.
Location : Neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord.
Function : Nerve tissue is concerned with the perception and responsiveness of animals.
Q. Why do meristematic tissues lack vacuoles?
Ans: Vacuole is a cell organelle used to store waste materials, store nutrients, excess salts etc. and usually big and more in number in mature cells. Meristematic cells are mainly concerned with cell division. So they do not have any waste material to store thiat is why vacuoles are usually absent in the meristematic cells.
Q. The waxy substance associated with the wall of cork cell is? a) Cutin b) Legnin c) Cellulose d) Suberin
Ans: (D) Suberin
Q. What is the function of mast cell?
Ans: Mast cells are found in most tissues of the body, particularly in locations that are in close contact with the external environment, such as skin, airways, and intestines. Mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing and defense against pathogens.
Q. How do cork cells act as a protective tissue?
Ans: As cork cells are dead and they form an outer-covering on the bark of the tree which acts as a protective layer. Its a sclerenchyma tissue which secretes suberin a waxy substance which forms a layer on the bark and protects the plant frombacteria,algae,fungi,etc.
Q. What is the function of cilia present on the ciliated epithelial cells?
Ans: These cilia move back and forth which help in movement of particles in their respective tracts. Ciliated epithelium have interspersed goblet cells which secrete mucous to lubricate the passage in which particles move.
Ciliated epithelium are found in the respiratory tract and also in the fallopian tubes of females etc.
Plant Tissue
Meristematic tissue or meristem: This type of tissue is made up cells, which are constantly dividing to play an important role in the growth of the plant.
Meristematic tissue can be grouped into three types- apical meristem, lateral meristem and the intercalary meristem.
1. Apical ( terminal ) meristem: It is located at the growing tips or apices of the roots and stems. This tissue is responsible for the increase in the length of the roots and stems.
2. Intercalary meristem: It is located at the base of the nodes and internodes to growth of stem and leaves.
Intercalary meristems at the nodes of bamboo allow for rapid stem elongation, while those at the base of most grass leaf blades allow damaged leaves to rapidly regrow.
3. Lateral meristem: It is located under the bark of trees as cork cambium to increase the girth of the stem.
Permanent tissue: Made up of cell that may loose capacity of division and only increase size and change shape shape
they atre (i) Simple permanent (ii) Complex tissue
Simple permanent tissue: They are made up of only one kind of cells.
1. Parenchyma: They mainly help store food but also provide support in some extend.It is found in stem and root.
They are made up of living cells of thin walled with large vacuole . Cells have large intercellular spaces and loosely packed.
Hybrid parenchyma:
a. In the leaves they have Chloroplast (chlorophyll) and help in photosynthesis so kown as chlorenchyma.
b. In the root of aquatic plant parenchyma have air spaces between their cells. These air spaces provide buoyancy and help to float. This kind of parenchyma is known as arenchyma.
2. Collenchyma: It provides mechanical support and flexibility to plant stem branch and leaves.
They are made up of living cells that are closely packed withouth intercellular spaces. Cells at the corner have thick wall due to compound called Lignin.
3. Sclerenchyma: It provides mechanical support and protection to plant.
They are made up of tightly packed dead cells having thick cell wall Sometime they have no inside space.
Sclereids are a reduced form of sclerenchyma cells with highly thickened, lignified cellular walls that form small bundles of durable layers of tissue in most plants. The presence of numerous sclereids form the cores of apples and produce the gritty texture of pears.
Complex permanent tissue : They are made up of more than one kind of cells. Mainly responcible for coduction of food and water.
a.Zylem: it consist of Tracheids ; vessels ; xylem parenchyma; xylem fibre ( sclerenchyma).
Except xylem parenchyma, all other xylem elements are dead & bounded by thick lignified walls.
Tracheids are tubular dead cells that conduct water
Vessels are very long tube-like structures formed by a row of dead cells placed end to end. This also transport water and minerals. These are usually present in big trees.
Xylem parenchyma are made up of living cells and store food.
Xylem fibre ( sclerenchyma) are made up of elongated dead cells with lignin and provide support
The walls of tracheids, vessels & sclerenchyma of xylem are lignified; they also give mechanical strength to the plant body.
b. Phloem : It is composed of following four elements or cells.
1. sievetubes : Transport sugar/food from leaves to steam and root.
2. companioncells: conduct food to sieve tubes
3.phloem parenchyma : store food
4.phloem fibres: provide support
Except for phloem fibres, phloem cells are living cells.
Protective tissue-
a. Epdermis: They have one cell thick outermost layer of the organs of plants, such as, leaves, flowers, stems and roots. This layer of cells is covered from the outside by the cuticle. In desert plant cutical prevent loss of water
b. Cork: It is made up of dead cells with thick walls, with no intercellular spaces, found in older stems and roots of dicot plants. As the dicot plants get older, the single layer of epidermis is replaced by a multi-layer cork cells.
Animal tissue
1. Epithelial tissue: These mainly covering of internal and external organs. These are continuous layer of tightly packed cells and having no intracellular spaces. Cells of epithelial tissues are permeable that allow air and water movement
1. Simple epithelial tissue : They are made up of only a single layer of flate and thin cells and help in tansportation found in lining of mouth and oesophagus.
a. Stratified Epithelial tissues: Normally Epithelial tissues are a single layer but some time they are of many layers like Skin epithelial cells. These help in replacing worn out tissue. This kind of epithelial tissues is called stratified squamous epithelial tissues.
2. Columner epithelial tissues: Some time the cells of epithelial tissues are not flat but elongated these are called Pyramidal or Ccolumnar epithelial tissues like lining of intestine that help in movement of substance
3. Ciliated epithelial tissues: Some time cells have hair like structure called cilia that help in the movement of substances like lining of respiratory track
4. Cuboidal epithelial tissues: Some time epithelial tissues have cells having equal length and breadth. These are called Cuboidal epithelial tissues . They are found in the lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands where it provides mechanical support.
5. Glandular epithelial tissues: Some time the cells of Cuboidal epithelial tissues get folding inside and form multicellular gland. These gland help in secretion of enzymes and hormones. These are called glandular epithelial tissues like salivary gland
2. Connective tissue: These tissues help to connect all parts of body. Cells are loosely arranged in matrix.
a. Blood: Blood plasma is the matrix of Blood. The cells are RBC and WBC that carry O2 and CO2
b. Bones : Provide fame work of body that support to body. Protect organs like brain spinal cord.
They are hard but brittle. Bones are hard as their matrix are made up of the compound calcium and phosphorous.
The cells in bones are arranged in a ring and having cavity that is known as bone marrow.
Teeth are the hardest connective tissue.
c. Cartilage: Bones are inflexible but we bend arts of body due to joint where bones join together. When we move bones there is friction at joint.
Cartilage is the flexible Connective tissue that reduces friction of bones at joint and help in smooth bending. Ear and nose also have cartilage not bones. Their matrixes are made up of protein and sugar. Cells are scattered in matrix.
d. Ligament: These are connective tissue that helps to join bones to bones. Having less matrix, limited strength and elastic
e. Tendon: Tissue that connect muscles to bones. These are no elastic but fibrous and strong.
f. Areolar connective tissue: Tissue found between skin and organ and works like a packaging material. It is made up of collagen, yellow and white fibre. It supports internal organs and aids in repair of tissues
g. Adipose connective tissue: Excess fats are stored under skin. Adipose is a connective tissue having fat molecules .It acts as insulator
3. Muscular tissue: Help in voluntary and involuntary muscular activity. Muscular tissues are made up of protein called contractile proteins that help in contraction
a. Striated muscular tissue: They are long and cylindrical and multinucleated. They have alternate light and dark bands so they are known as striated muscular tissue. Help in voluntary muscular movements.
b. Smooth or unstriated muscular tissue: Having no light and dark bands and cells have single nuclei and spindle shape. Help in involuntary muscular movements
c. Cardiac muscles: Found specially in heart. Usually single nucleated and few striation. These are branched
4. Nervous tissue: Brain and spinal cord are are made up of special kind of tissue called Nervous tissue. Neuron is the functional unit of Nervous system so Neuron is the kind of Nervous tissue
Each neuron consists of three parts:
i) Cyton or cell body or perikaryon : It is star shaped having a single nucleus in the centre.
ii) Dendrons : The dendrons are short processes arising from the cyton and further branching into thin dendrites. They carry impulse towards the cell body.
iii) Axon : It is a single , long , cylindrical process arising from cyton which branch terminally. It carries message away from cyton. In most neurons, the axon is surrounded by a white sheath called medullary or myelin sheath. The medullary sheath is not continuous throughout the length, the gaps left are called Nodes of Ranvier.The medullary sheath of the axon acts like an insulation and prevents mixing of impulses in the adjacent axons.
Neurons enclosed in sheaths forms a nerve fibre and nerve fibres bound together in parallel bundles form a nerve.
Location : Neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord.
Function : Nerve tissue is concerned with the perception and responsiveness of animals.
Q. Why do meristematic tissues lack vacuoles?
Ans: Vacuole is a cell organelle used to store waste materials, store nutrients, excess salts etc. and usually big and more in number in mature cells. Meristematic cells are mainly concerned with cell division. So they do not have any waste material to store thiat is why vacuoles are usually absent in the meristematic cells.
Q. The waxy substance associated with the wall of cork cell is? a) Cutin b) Legnin c) Cellulose d) Suberin
Ans: (D) Suberin
Q. What is the function of mast cell?
Ans: Mast cells are found in most tissues of the body, particularly in locations that are in close contact with the external environment, such as skin, airways, and intestines. Mast cells play an important protective role as well, being intimately involved in wound healing and defense against pathogens.
Q. How do cork cells act as a protective tissue?
Ans: As cork cells are dead and they form an outer-covering on the bark of the tree which acts as a protective layer. Its a sclerenchyma tissue which secretes suberin a waxy substance which forms a layer on the bark and protects the plant frombacteria,algae,fungi,etc.
Q. What is the function of cilia present on the ciliated epithelial cells?
Ans: These cilia move back and forth which help in movement of particles in their respective tracts. Ciliated epithelium have interspersed goblet cells which secrete mucous to lubricate the passage in which particles move.
Ciliated epithelium are found in the respiratory tract and also in the fallopian tubes of females etc.
|
|
HTML Comment Box is loading comments...