L. Lavoisier laid the foundation of chemical sciences by establishing two important laws of chemical combination.
Laws of Chemical Combination LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS ---- Lavoisier, states that ‘mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.’ LAW OF CONSTANT PROPORTIONS --- This is also known as the law of definite proportions. This law was stated by Proust as “In a chemical substance the elements are always present in definite proportions by mass”. along with other scientists, noted e.g.In a compound such as water, the ratio of the mass of hydrogen to the mass of oxygen is always 1:8, whatever the source of water. Dalton’s atomic theory According to Dalton’s atomic theory, all matter, whether an element, a compound or a mixture is composed of small particles called atoms. The postulates of this theory may be stated as follows: (i) All matter is made of very tiny particles called atoms. (ii) Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. (iii) Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and chemical properties. (iv) Atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties. (v) Atoms combine in the ratio of small whole numbers to form compounds. (vi) The relative number and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound.
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