 Social Science (SSt) SA-1 Fully solved Original Paper Prv. Year
Social Science SA-1 Fully solved Original Paper-1 Download File Social Science SA-1 Fully solved Original Paper-2 Download File Social Science SA-1 Fully solved Original Paper-3 Download File Social Science SA-1 Fully solved Original Paper-4 Download File 9th SA-1 Original CBSE Question Paper of Social Science 2014 Exam conducted in different CBSE schools Download SA-1 Paper
6 Comments
 SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION CONCEPTS THE AGE OF SOCIAL CHANGE
Q.1.Which of the following factors made autocracy unpopular in Russia? (a) The German origin of the Tsarina Alexandra (b) Poor advisors like the Monk Rasputin (c) The huge cost of fighting in the World War I (d) Both (a) and (b) Q.2 Which of the following statements is incorrect about the Socialists till 1914? (a) They helped various associations to win seats in the parliaments in Europe (b) Socialists, supported by strong figures in parliamentary politics, shaped and influenced legislation (c) They succeeded in forming a government in Europe (d) Governments continued to be run by conservatives, liberals and radicals Q.3.How can you say that the ‘liberals’ were not ‘democrats’? (a) They did not believe in universal adult franchise (b) They felt that only men of property should have a right to vote (c) Women should not have right to vote (d) All the above Q.4.Which of the following statements is not correct about the ‘radicals’? (a) They supported women’s right to vote (b) They opposed the privileges of great landowners (c) They were completely against the existence of private property (d) They wanted a government based on the majority of a country’s population (a) Industrial Revolution occurred (b) New cities came up (c) Railways expanded (d) All the above SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [3 MARKS]: Q.1. Differentiate between the ideas of the liberals and radicals in Europe (take the time period as after the French Revolution). Ans. (i) -The liberals did not believe in universal franchise. In contrast, radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population. (ii) Liberals felt men of prosperity mainly should have the vote. They did not want the vote for women. On the other hand the radicals supported women’s suffragette movements and opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners. (ii) They were not against the existence of private property but disliked concentration of property in the hands of a few. Q.2.Why do we say that liberals during this time could not be called ‘democrats’? Ans.The liberals opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers and wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments.
Q.3. How should society, according to liberals and radicals, develop? Ans. (i) Liberals and radicals were often property owners and employers. (ii) They acquired wealth through industrial ventures and trade, they firmly believed that such efforts should be encouraged that its profits would be reaped if the work force in the economy was healthy and citizen were educated. (iii) They put forth that societies could develop if the poor could labour, freedom of individuals was ensured and those with capital could operate without restraint. Q.4. Why were socialists against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills? Ans 1-. The people who propagated socialism said that individuals, who owned property, did provide employment to many people but they were concerned with personal gains only. 2- They did not bother about the welfare of the people. 3-They felt that if society controlled property, more attention would be paid to collective social interests. Q.5. Describe the incident known as ‘Bloody Sunday’. Ans. 1. Over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike in 1905, demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions. 2. When this procession reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the Cossacks. 3. Over 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. This incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of events that became known as the 1905 Revolution. Q.6. Comment on the role of Vladimir Lenin in the revolution and his contribution to the economic policy. Ans. 1.Vladimir Lenin played an important part in the Russian Revolution of 1917. 2. Lenin led the revolutionaries after the fall of the Tsar under Lenin’s leadership; the Bolshevik Party put forward clear policies to end the war. 3. Transfer land to the peasants and advance the slogan ‘All power to the Soviets’. 4. He was of the opinion that no genuine democracy could be established unless all the non-Russians were given equal rights. 5. These were the real objectives of the Russian Revolution and he fulfilled all these objectives. That is why Lenin’s name has become inseparable from the Russian Revolution. Q.4.What was the immediate consequences of the Russian Revolution? Ans. 1. Most industries and banks were nationalised in November 1917. 2. This meant the government took over the ownership and management. Land was declared social property. 3. Peasants were allowed to seize the land of the nobility. 4. In cities, Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements. 5. They banned the use of old title of aristocracy. Q.5. How did Russia's participation in the World War cause the fall of the Tsar? Ans. 1. The war was initially popular and people rallied around Tsar Nicholas II. 2. The war continued, support became thin and Tsar's popularity declined. Anti-German sentiments became high. 3. The Tsarina Alexandra's German origins and poor advisers, especially a monk called Rasputin, made the autocracy unpopular. 4. Defeats were shocking and demoralising. Russia's armies lost badly in Germany and Austria between 1914 and 1916. There were over 7 million casualties by 1917. 5. The destruction of crops and buildings led to over 3 million refugees in Russia. The situation discredited the government and the Tsar.  MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS [1 MARK]
Q.1 The Third Estate comprised (a) Poor servants and small peasants, landless labourers (b) Peasants and artisans (c) Big businessmen, merchants, lawyers etc. (d) All the above Q.2.That ‘each member should have one vote’ was advocated by: (a) Georges Danton (b) Rousseau (c) Jean Paul Marat (d) the Jacobins Q.3.Which of the following decisions was taken by the convention? (a) Declared France a constitutional monarchy (b) Abolished the monarchy (c) All men and women above 21 years got the right to vote (d) Declared France a Republic Q.4.Which of the following is not the idea of the revolutionary journalist Desmoulins about Liberty? (a) Liberty is finishing off your enemies (b) Liberty is Happiness, Reason, Equality and Justice (c) Liberty is the Declaration of Right (d) Liberty is not a child who has to be disciplined before maturity Q.5. How does a ‘Subsistence Crisis’ happen? (a) Bad harvest leads to scarcity of grains (b) Food prices rise and the poorest cannot buy bread (c) Leads to weaker bodies, diseases, deaths and even food riots (d) All the above Q.6. In the war against Prussia and Austria, the army sang which patriotic song? (a) 'Liberty', written by an unknown woman poet (b) ‘Marseillaise’ written by the poet Roget de Lisle (c) ‘Viva France’ written by a French peasant (d) None of the above Q7.Which of the following statements is untrue about the Third Estate? (a) The Third Estate was made of the poor only (b) Within the Third Estate some were rich and some were poor (c) Richer members of the Third Estate owned lands (d) Peasants were obliged to serve in the army, or build roads Q.8. Who wrote the pamphlet called ‘What is the Third Estate’? (a) Mirabeau, a nobleman (b) Abbe Sieyes (c) Rousseau, a philosopher (d) Montesquieu Q.9. A guillotine was _______________________ (a) A device consisting of two poles and a blade with which a person was beheaded (b) A fine sword with which heads were cut off (c) A special noose to hang people (d) none of the above Q.10. When did the French Revolution begin? (a) July 14, 1789 (b) January 10, 1780 (c) August 12, 1782 (d) None of the above Answer: 1(d) 2(b) 3(d) 4(b) 5(d) 6(b) 7(a) 8(b) 9(a) 10(a) SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS [3 MARKS] Q.1. what was the subsistence crisis? Why did it occur in France during the Old Regime? Ans. 1- The population of France was on the rise. It rose from 23 million in 1715 to 28 million in 1789.This led to increase in the demand for food grains. 2-The production of food grains could not keep pace with the demand and the price of bread which was thestaple diet of the majority Rose rapidly. 3- The wages also did not keep pace with the rise in prices. The gap between the Rich and the poor widened. This led to the subsistence crisis. Q.2.What was the system of voting in the Estates General? What change did the Third Estate want in this system? Ans. Voting in the Estates General in the past had been conducted 1. According to the principle that each estate had one vote. 2. Members of the Third Estate demanded that voting must now be conducted by the assembly as a whole, where each member would have one vote. 3. This was according to the democratic principles put forward by philosophers like Rousseau in his book, The Social Contract. Q.3. Describe the incidents that led to the storming of the Bastille. Ans. 1- National Assembly was busy at Versailles drafting a constitution; the rest of France was seething with turmoil. 2- A severe winter had meant a bad harvest, the price of bread rose. Often bakers exploited the situation and hoarded supplies. 3- After spending hours in long queues at the bakery, crowds of angry women stormed into the shops. 4- At the same time, the king ordered troops to move into Paris. On 14 July, the agitated crowd stormed and destroyed Bastille. Q.4. Describe how the new political system of constitutional monarchy worked in France. Ans The constitution of 1791 vested the power to make laws in the National Assembly, which was indirectly elected. That is, 1. Citizens voted for a group of electors, who in turn chose the Assembly. Not all citizens, however, had the right to vote. 2. Only men above 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to at least 3 days of a labourer’s wage were given the status of active citizens, that is, they were entitled to vote. 3. The remaining men and all women were classed as passive citizens. 4. To qualify as an elector and then as a member of the Assembly, a man had to belong to the highest bracket of taxpayers. Q.5.What was ‘natural and inalienable rights’? Ans 1-.The constitution began with a Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens 2- Rights such as the right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, equality before law were established as ‘natural and inalienable rights’, i.e., they belonged to each human being by birth and could not be taken away 3-It was the duty of the state to protect each citizen’s natural right. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 5 MARKS ): Q.1. Explain the importance of the following events on the course of the French Revolution: (a) Storming of the Bastille (c) The passing of the Civil Constitution of the clergy Ans. (a) On July 14, 1789, a mob of Paris stormed the fortress – the prison of Bastille – considered a symbol of oppression and despotism. The Swiss guards were killed and prisoners set free. The mob stole arms and ammunition. To this day, France celebrates ‘Bastille Day’ on 14thJuly every year. (c) In 1790, the Civil Constitution nationalised the church. The clergy or group of persons who enjoyed special powers in the church were also forced to relinquish power. Tithes were abolished and lands owned by the church were confiscated. Q.2. Describe the Reign of Terror and role played by Robespierre in it. Ans.The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror. 1. Maximilian Robespierre, leader of the Jacobins, followed the policy of severe control and punishment. 2. All those he saw as enemies of the Republic — ex-nobles, clergy, political opponents — were arrested, tried and guillotined if found guilty. 3. He issued laws placing a maximum ceiling on wages and prices. 4. Meat and bread were rationed. 5. Use of expensive white flour was forbidden. Robespierre followed his policies so relentlessly that even his supporters began to demand moderation. Finally, he was convicted, arrested and guillotined in July 1794. Q.3What did the following symbols convey in the Declaration of Rights? (i) The broken chain (ii) The bundle of rods or fasces (iii)Sceptre (iv)Snake biting its tail to form a ring (v) Red Phrygian cap (vi)The law tablet Ans. (i) the broken chains: Chains were used to fetter slaves. A broken chain stands for the act of becoming free. (ii) The bundle of rods or fasces: One rod can be easily broken, but not an entire bundle.Strength lies in unity. (iii) Sceptre: Symbol of royal power. (iv)Snake biting its tail to form a ring: Symbol of eternity. A ring has neither beginning nor end. (v) Red Phrygian cap: Cap worn by a slave upon becoming free. (vi)The law tablet: The law is the same for all, and all are equal before it. Q.4.write short note on Jacobins? Ans.1- They got their name from the former convent of St. Jacob in Paris. 2-They belonged to the less prosperous sections of the society. 3-They included small shopkeepers, artisans such as shoemakers, pastry cooks, watch-makers, printers, as well as servants and daily wage earners. 4-Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre. 5-A large group among the Jacobin decided to wear long striped trousers similar to those worn by dock workers. 6-This was to set themselves apart from the fashionable sections of society especially the nobles who wore knee breeches. Q.5. Discuss the participation of women in political clubs, their activities and demands. Ans.From the very beginning, women were active participants in the events which brought about so many important changes in French society. 1. They hoped that their involvement would pressurise the revolutionary government to introduce measures to improve their lives. 2. Most women of the third estate had to work for a living. They worked as seamstresses or laundresses, sold flowers, fruits and vegetables at the market, or were employed as domestic servants in the houses of prosperous people. 3. Most women did not have access to education or job training. Their wages were lower than those of men. 4. One of their main demands was that women should be given the same political rights as men. 5. Women were disappointed that the constitution of 1791 reduced them to passive citizens. |
