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      • The Human Eye and the Colourful World
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        • How Do Organisms Reproduce ?
        • Heredity and Evolution
        • Our Environment
        • Management of Natural Resource
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      • IX Motion and Rest
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        • Cell structure n function class9
        • Tissue class9
        • Improvement in food resources class9
    • 9th Science term II
      • Atoms and Molecules
      • Structure of the Atom
      • Thrust and Pressure
      • Work and Energy
      • Sound
      • IX Biology Term-2
        • Diversity in Living Organisms
        • Natural Resources
        • Why Do We Fall ill ?
    • 9th Maths term I
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      • Quadrilaterals
      • Area of Parallelogram and Triangle
      • Circle
      • Surface Areas and Volumes
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        • Rational Number
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      • X Chemical Reaction and Equation
      • X Acid Base and Salt
      • X Metals and Non Metals
      • X Electricity
      • X Magnetic Effects of Currents
      • X Source Of Energy
      • X Biology Term-1
        • 10th Life Process
        • 10th Control and coordination
    • 10th science Term II
      • Carbon and Its Compounds
      • Periodic Classification of Elements
      • Light - Reflection and Refraction
      • The Human Eye and the Colourful World
      • X Biology Term-II
        • How Do Organisms Reproduce ?
        • Heredity and Evolution
        • Our Environment
        • Management of Natural Resource
    • 10th Maths Term I
      • X Real Numbers
      • X Polynomials
      • X Linear Equations in Two Variables
      • X Similar Triangles
      • X Trigonometry and Identities
      • X Statics(Mean,median and Mode)
    • 10th Maths Term II
      • 10th Quadratic Equations
      • 10th Arithmetic Progressions
      • 10th Co-Ordinate Geometry
      • 10th Height and Distance
      • 10th Circles
      • 10th Area Related to Circles
      • 10th Surface Areas and Volumes
      • 10th Probability
      • 10th Constructions
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  • CLASS 9
    • 9th Science term I
      • IX Motion and Rest
      • IX Force and Laws of motions
      • IX Gravitation
      • IX Matter in our surrounding
      • IX Is Matter around Us Pure
      • IX Biology Term-1
        • Cell structure n function class9
        • Tissue class9
        • Improvement in food resources class9
    • 9th Science term II
      • Atoms and Molecules
      • Structure of the Atom
      • Thrust and Pressure
      • Work and Energy
      • Sound
      • IX Biology Term-2
        • Diversity in Living Organisms
        • Natural Resources
        • Why Do We Fall ill ?
    • 9th Maths term I
      • IX Number system
      • IX Polynomials
      • IX Introduction to Euclid Geometry
      • IX Lines and Angles
      • IX Triangles
      • IX Coordinate geometry
      • IX Area of triangles by Heron's formula
    • 9th Maths term II
      • Linear equations in two variables
      • Quadrilaterals
      • Area of Parallelogram and Triangle
      • Circle
      • Surface Areas and Volumes
      • Constructions
      • Statistics
      • Probability
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        • Force Pressure and Frictions
        • Sound
        • Chemical Effects of Electric Current
        • Refraction of Light and Our Eyes
        • Some Natural Phenomenon
        • Stars and the Solar System
      • Class 8 Chemistry
        • Synthetic fibre and Plastics
        • Metals and Non-Metals
        • Combustion ,Flame and Fuel
        • Coal Petroleum, Natural Gases
        • Air and Water Pollution
      • Class 8 Biology
        • Crop Production and Management
        • Microorganisms friend and foe
        • Cell structure and functions
        • Reproduction in animals
        • Reaching the Age of Adolescence
        • Conservation of plants and animals
    • Class 8 Mathematics
      • Algebra
        • Rational Number
        • Square and Square Roots
        • Algebraic Expression
        • Factorization
        • Exponent and Power
        • Linear Equations
      • Commercial math
        • Unitary Methods
        • Percentage
        • Profit and Loss
        • Discounts & Sales Tax
        • Compound Interest
      • Geometry/Mensuration
        • Quadrilateral
        • Practical Geometry
        • Perimeter and Area
        • Data Handling
        • Introduction of Graphs
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NTSE-NSTSE Examination Sample paper

23/12/2013

1 Comment

 
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NTSE SAMPLE PAPERS

1. MODEL PAPER NTSE

2.NTSES

3.NTSES ANSWER KEY

4.NTSEE

5.NTSEE ANSWER KEY

6.NTSE X

7.NTSE X ANSWER KEY

8.NTSE SAMPLE

9.NTSE SAMPLE ANSWER KEY

10.GENERAL METNATAL ABILITY TEST 2007

11.NTSE SAMPLE FILE

NTSE SAMPLE PAPERS (SUBJECT-WISE)

 

1.ntse_social_science_test_new_11

 

2.ntse_science_test_new_12

3.ntse_physics_test_04

4.ntse_mental_ability_test_new_10

5.ntse_mental_ability_test_01

6.ntse_mathematics_test_new_13

7.ntse_mathematics_test_03

8.ntse_history_test_09

9.ntse_geography_test_08

10.ntse_economics_test_06

11.ntse_civics_test_07

12.ntse_chemistry_test_05

13.ntse_biology_test_02

NTSE SAMPLE PAPERS

 

NTSE Sample Paper 1

 

NTSE Sample Paper 2

NTSE Sample Paper 3

NTSE Sample Paper 4

NTSE Sample Paper 5

NTSE Sample Paper 6

NTSE Sample Paper 7

NTSE Sample Paper 8

NTSE Sample Paper 3

For more New stuff visit

NTSE New sample study material

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Sample Question Papers for Class IX for Term II (Second Term March'2013)

21/12/2013

2 Comments

 
Maths IX solved SA_II_[2012]
File Size: 261 kb
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Science IX solved SA_II_[2012]
File Size: 2973 kb
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Social Science IX solved SA_II_[2012]
File Size: 66 kb
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Hindi A and B Class IX solved SA_II_[2011]
File Size: 1842 kb
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Sanskrit Class IX Solved SA_II_[2012]
File Size: 1027 kb
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English Communicative IX solved SA_II_[2012]
File Size: 159 kb
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english_language__literature_ix_solved_sa_ii_2012.pdf
File Size: 82 kb
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New sample paper By JSUNIL
Maths IX solved SA_II_[2011]
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Science IX solved SA_II_[2011]
File Size: 2768 kb
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Social Science IX solved SA_II_[2011]
File Size: 871 kb
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Hindi A Class IX solved SA_II_[2011]
File Size: 39 kb
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Hindi B Class IX solved SA_II_[2011]
File Size: 64 kb
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English Communicative IX solved SA_II_[2011]
File Size: 532 kb
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English Language & Literature IX solved SA_II_[2011]
File Size: 645 kb
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MARKING SCHEME FOR CLAS X [2013] SUMMATIVE   ASSESSMENT – II

21/12/2013

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Class X Model  Answer CBSE Exam.2013

Class X Model  Answer CBSE Exam.2012

MARKING SCHEME FOR [2013] SUMMATIVE  ASSESSMENT – II

1.Science

1.Science

Hindi Part: A        

 Hindi Part: B

2.Social Science

2.Social Science

 English Communicative   

3.Mathematics

3.Mathematics

 English Language and Literature   

4.Hindi-A

4.Hindi-A

Mathematics   

5.Hindi-B

5.Hindi-B

Science   

6.Eng.Lang & Literature

6.Eng.Lang & Litrature

Social Science   

7.Eng.communicative

7.Eng.communicative

Sanskrit 

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Download Admission form of SDV [sadhana Devi Vidyapith]

15/12/2013

1 Comment

 
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The Sadhana Devi Vidyapith is located at Punjabi Colony, Dharampur Nistama. 

The school was established in year 2000. It is a Co-educational school and offers education in English medium,running under the aegis of Sadhana Devi Memorial Seva Sansthan, Samastipur.

Sadhana Devi Vidyapith is a school providing quality education to the student under the guidance of experienced teachers and a very well organized trust handle the all working, so that your kids can get the best. We are an affiliated school from C.B.S.E. till standard 10th.

School Name: Sadhana Devi Vidyapith

 

Affiliation Number: 330386

 

Type of Affiliation: Provisional

 

Affiliation Period From: 1/4/2012

 

Affilation Period To: 31/3/2015

 

State: Bihar

 

District: Samastipur

 

Pin Code: 848101

 

Office Phone No: 06274-225126

 

Website: http://sadhanadevividyapith.com/

 

Email: bidhigya@gmail.com

 

Year of Foundation: 2000

 

Date of Opening of School: 4/5/2000

 

Name of Principal: Mrs.Pushpa Kumari

 

Principals Educational: M.A, B.Ed

 

Status of the School: Secondary School

 

Type of School: Independent

 

Name of Trust: Sadhana Devi Memorial Seva Sansthan, Samastipur

 

Nearest Railway Station: Samastipur(1 k.m)

 

Nearest Police Station:Samastipur (1 k.m)

 

Nearest National Bank: Bank Of Baroda(1 k.m)

Download Admission form : Download

SDV Admission form
File Size: 280 kb
File Type: pdf
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stars and the solar system class 8 Solved questions

13/12/2013

2 Comments

 
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MCQ : Stars and The Solar System (Physics) Formative and Summative Assessments
1.  The Celestial objects are:
(a)The stars   (b)The planets   (c)The Moon and many other objects  (d) All of the above
2. The day on which the whole disc of the moon is visible is known as the
 (a) Full moon day    (b) Lunar eclipse   (c)  Solar eclipse   (d) No moon day
3. The various shapes of the bright part of the moon as seen during a month are called as
(a) Phases of the moon (b) Crescent moon (c)Full moon day (d) New moon day.
4.  When the moon completes one rotation on its axis it completes one --------------around the earth.
(a)Revolution    (b) Rotation    (c) Equinox             (d) Summer solstice
5. The distance of the sun from the earth is nearly
(a) 150 million km   (b) 100 million km  (c)  200 million km    (d) 250 million km
6. The next nearest star to the earth followed by the sun is
 (a) The pole star   (b) Alpha Centauri   (c) Constellation  (d) Ursa Major
7. The stars forming a group that has a recognizable shape is called
(a) Constellation   (b)Orion   (c)  Light year    (d) Pole star
8. The star that lies close to the axis of rotation of the earth
(a) The Pole star    (b)  Ursa Major    (c)   Ursa Minor  (d) Cassiopeia
9. The sun is the main source of
(a) Almost all energy on the earth                        (b)It is the main source of heat for all planets
(c) It is the Main source of light for all planets     (d) All of the above
10.The definite elliptical  path in which a planet revolves around the sun is called
(a)Orbit           (b) Path           (c)Galaxy        (d)Milky way
11. Any celestial body revolving around another celestial body is called its
(a) Satellite      (b) Heavenly body      (c)Axis                        d) Revolution
12. Millions of stars and planets which are present in the sky form a group known as
(a) Milky way (b) Galaxy       (c) Light year  (d) Universe.
13. Our earth as well as the sun belongs to the galaxy which has a spiral shape called the
(a) Milky way  (b) Galaxy       (c)Light year   (d) Universe
14. The heavenly body which appear brighter than Venus I the night sky
(a) Shani          (b) Mercury     (c) Moon         (d) mars
15. Neptune has atmosphere similar to that of
(a) Shani          (b) Uranus       (c) jupitar         (d) mars
Solution:
(1) d          
(2) a   
 (3) a
(4) a 
 (5) a   
(6) b    
(7) a
(8) a
(9) d
(10) a  
 (11) a  
(12) b  
(13) a   
(14) c
(15)b


Stars and The Solar System
Stars and The Solar System Oral questions CCE FA Test
Read /View/Download
CBSE Ch. Stars and The Solar System (Physics) MCQ
Read /View/Download
Choose the Appropriate Answer MCQ
Read /View/Download
Test Paper Based on CCE (With Solution)
Read /View/Download
Questions Paper for SA with solution
Read /View/Download
Stars and The Solar System- Question bank Class VIII(8th)
Read /View/Download
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Bihar Intermediate and Metric Time Table 2014[BSEB PATNA]

11/12/2013

6 Comments

 
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Bihar Intermediate Time Table 2014 Date Sheet - Bihar Board 12th Exam Time Table/Date Sheet : 1. Bihar School Examination Board  (BSEB) will declare Bihar Intermediate exam date at official website of Bihar Board. BSEB Senior Secondary Examination year 2014 will be conducted from month of March 2014. Dear students Bihar School Examination Board provide full time  12th class exam time table publish very soon at the main web portal of the BSEB.  All the students of 12th class can check their  exam time table  at official website - www.biharboard.net .

2. Bihar Intermediate exam schedule 2014 is notified for class 12th annual exams. Bihar inter exam routine 2014 is scheduled for 18th February to 1st March 2014 tentatively.

3. The Bihar School Examination Board is established for holding and conducting an  examination at the end of the Secondary School stage for prescribing course of studies for such examination and for carrying out such  other objects and duties as may be considered necessary for the purpose as stated in the Act , Rules and Regulations of the Board. Students of  both classes like  Matric and Intermediate  visit the official website for  Bihar School Examination Board  Exam schedule/ time table/ date sheet  March 2014.

4. Bihar Intermediate board exam time table or Date sheet schedule 2014 subject wise is yet to be updated. we have kept our eyes at www.biharboard.net or http://www.biharboard.bih.nic.in to see any announcement about Bihar 12th exam dates 2014 we will update.

5. Bihar Board Intermediate and 10th class Syllabus 2013 - 2014 - http://www.biharboard.bih.nic.in/syllabus.htm 

6. Bihar Board 10th class Model Question Papers - http://www.biharboard.bih.nic.in/ModelQSClassXI.htm
 
7. Bihar Board Intermediate Model Question Papers - http://www.biharboard.bih.nic.in/ModelQSClassXII.htm

8. Candidates if you want to received all latest updates Bihar via Facebook, then join us on Facebook page now.Candidates future reference bookmark this page.
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Class – X,SOCIAL SCIENCE SAMPLE PAPER SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT – II,2014 

11/12/2013

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SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT – II, 2014

Class – X, SOCIAL SCIENCE SAMPLE PAPER

 

Time allowed: 3 hours                                                                        Maximum Marks: 90

 

1 marks Questions

1. Which of the following was not a feature of the Conservatism in Europe after 1815?

(a) Established traditional systems of state and society

(b) Efficient Bureaucracy

(c) Modern army

 (d) Democracy

OR

Which of these was not the challenge faced by the new Republic of Vietnam ?

(a) Attack of the French armies to regain control.

(b) Division of Vietnam.

(c) Fall of the Bao Dai regime

(d) Young generation’s emigration to Japan.

2. Which of the following is false about the Hapsberg Empire ?

(a) It ruled over Austria – Hungary

(b) It comprised of Italian and German speaking people

 (c) It shared a strong common identity

(d) All the groups had no common allegiance to the emperor.

OR/

Identify the blind poet from Vietnam who wrote, “I would rather face eternal darkness than see the faces of traitors.”

 (a) Ngyuyen Dinh Chieu

(b) Phan Chu Trinch

(c) Ngo Dinh Diem

(d) Phan Boi Chau

3. What did the idea of Satyagrah emphasise ?

(a) Traditional way of mass agitation.

(b) Passive resistance.

(c) Appeal to the conscience of the oppressor.

(d) Use of physical force to fight the oppressor.

4.Which of the following is not true regarding the non-wearing of Khadi in cities.

(a) Did not appeal to all.

(b) Could not boycott mill cloth for too long.

(c) Alternative Indian Institutions were fast to come up.

(d) More expensive.

5. Which one of the following minerals is largely derived from placer deposits ?

(a) Gold

(b) Magnesium

(c) Bromine

(d) Salt

6. Where does Fertilizer Corporation of India has Fertilizer Industry ?

(a) Hazira in Gujarat

(b) Jaipur in Rajasthan

(c) Aurangabad in Maharashtra

(d) Patna in Bihar.

7. What was the aim of popular movement in Nepal held in April 2006 ?

(a) To restore democracy

(b) To protest against price rise.

(c) To recall the elected representatives

(d)To have good ties with India

8. Which of the following organizations pressurized the government in Bolivia to give up its control of municipal water supply ?

(a) International Monetary Fund

(b) World Health Organization

(c) World Bank

(d) Multi National Company

9. Which one of the following is a challenge to Political Parties ?

(a) Parties put forward different policies and programmes.

(b) Parties shape public opinion.

(c) Parties do not seem to offer a meaningful choice.

(d) Parties contest elections.

3 marks Questions

10. “The nation building process in Germany had demonstrated the dominance of the Prussian state power.” Analyse any three characteristic features of Prussia‟s leadership role in movement for German unification

OR/

Explain any three features of scholars revolt in 1868 in Vietnam. 1868

11. What was the Khilafat Agitation ? Why did Gandhiji give support to this agitation ?

12. How can we conserve our mineral resources for future generation? Explains any three ways.

13. Explain the importance of automobile industry in India.

14. What is the importance of the IT sector for the Indian economy? Explain.

15. Describe any three features of a Pressure Groups.

16.Why is a democratic government considered less efficient ? Give any three reasons.

17. Suggest any three ways to accommodate social diversity for making life more harmonious

18. Explain the main challenge to democracy in India.

19. „Rapid improvement in technologies has been a major factor that has stimulated the globalization process.‟ Support the statement with any three suitable examples.

20. How can free and fair trade be achieved? Explain.

21. Explain the three tier quasi judicial machinery setup under COPRA.

5 marks Questions

22. Assess the role of Mahatma Gandhi in the National Movement with special reference to the methods adopted by him.

 23. Describe the effects of US entry into war in Vietnam for the Vietnamese as well on the life within USA.

 24. Explain the significance of Border Roads.

 25. Explain the deposit and loan activities of banks.

 26. Compare the terms of credit for small -landless agricultural workers and medium farmers in a village

27. What was Romanticism? How was it linked to Nationalism?

28. Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the countries development. Highlight the role of loans in reference to India.

29. How far has India succeeded in overcoming, the challenge of expansion before its democracy? Evaluate.

Map Question 5 mark

30. on the political map of India. Identifying these features place with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines marked in the map.

(a) The place where the Non – Cooperation Movement was called off.

(b) The place where the Cotton Mill Workers Satyagraha took place.

(c) The place where Gandhiji started the satyagrahs in favour of Cotton Mill Workers.

(d) The place where INC session of 1920 September was held.

(e) The place where the Salt – satyagraha ended

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evergreen sample papers for class 10 social science
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social science sample papers for class 10 sa2 2012
social science class 10 sample papers 2013

sample paper of social science for class 10 cbse 2012

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Model Answer by the Candidates of Secondary School/Sr. Secondary School Certificate Exam.2013

8/12/2013

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Model Answer by the Candidates of Class 10 and 12 CBSE Board Exam.2013

Class-XII

Class-X

1.Physics

1.Science

2.Chemistry

2.Social Science

3.Biology

3.Mathematics

4.Math

4.Hindi-A

5.Business Study

5.Hindi-B

6.Accountancy

6.Eng.Lang & Literature

7.Economics

7.Eng.communicative

8.Eng(Core)

 

9.Eng(Elective)

 

10.Functional English

 

11.Hindi(Core)

 

12.Hindi(Elective)

 

 

Model Answer by the Candidates of CBSE 10th and 12th  Exam 2012

Class-XII

Class-X

1.Physics

1.Science

2.Chemistry

2.Social Science

3.Biology

3.Mathematics

4.Math

4.Hindi-A

5.Business Study

5.Hindi-B

6.Accountancy

6.Eng.Lang & Literature

7.Economics

7.Eng.communicative

8.Eng(Core)

 

9.Eng(Elective)

 

10.Functional English

 

11.Hindi(Core)

 

12.Hindi(Elective)

 

 

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CBSE ASL Corner _ Listening and Speaking Skills class 9 and 11

6/12/2013

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Assessment of Speaking and Listening (ASL) in English for Students

 Speaking Sample for practice --Class IX
Specifications for Speaking--Class XI
Speaking Sample for   Class XI
Listening Specifications--Class IX  

Audio track
Class IX  :   Track 1  |   Track 2  |   Track 3  |  

Audio scripts and Answer Key - Sample worksheets for Class IX Listening Test

SAMPLE WORKSHEET FOR LISTENING TEST - Class IX
SAMPLE WORKSHEET FOR LISTENING TEST - Class IX
Audio Tracks : Class XI  :   Track 1  |   Track 2

Audio scripts and Answer Key for Listening Worksheets Class XI
SAMPLE WORKSHEET FOR LISTENING TEST - Class XI
SAMPLE WORKSHEET FOR LISTENING TEST - Class XI

Descriptors for Assessment of Speaking.zip (Videos)

Speaking Videos
A : File 1  |   File 2  |   File 3  |   File 4 

B : File 1  |   File 2  |   File 3 

C : File 1  |   File 2  |   File 3

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Atomic structure for class 9 notes 

5/12/2013

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After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
  • recall the evidences showing the presence of charged particles in matter;
  •   describe the discovery of electron and proton;
  •  explain Dalton’s atomic theory and its failure;



  • discuss Thomson’s and Rutherford’s models of atom and explain their limitations;
  • explain the Bohr’s model of atom (in brief);
  • describe the discovery of neutron;
  • compare the characteristic properties of proton, electron and neutron;
  •  explain various rules for filling of electrons and write the distribution of electrons in different shells up to atomic number 20;
  • define valency and correlate the electronic configuration of an atom with its valency;
  • define atomic number and mass number of an atom;
  • describe isotopes and isobars;
  • define and compute average atomic mass and explain its fractional value.
Atomic Structure

The word atom originally meant a smallest possible particle of matter, not further divisible.


Democritus


1. The existence of atoms was proposed as early as in the 5th century BC by the Greek
philosophers Leucippus and his pupil Democritus, for which they were called atomists.

2. Democritus, develop the idea of atoms. He asked this question: If you break a piece of matter in half, and then break it in half again, how many breaks will you have to make before you can break it no further?

. Democritus thought that it ended at some point, a smallest possible bit of matter. He called these basic matter particles, atoms.

4.The word "atom" is derived from the Greek word "atomos", which means indivisible".

John Dalton

1. Five main points of Dalton's Atomic Theory

• All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.


• All atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size, mass, and chemical
properties. Atoms of a specific element are different from those of any other element.

• Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles, or destroyed.

• Different atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.

• In a chemical reaction, atoms are separated, combined, or rearranged.

Weakness


1. Atoms consist of even smaller particles called electrons, protons and neutrons.

2. Atoms can be created and destroyed in the nuclear reactions such as nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. 


Atoms of the same element can have different physical properties, for example, isotopes of hydrogen.


J.J. Thomson Plum pudding model


1. In physics, the Plum pudding model of the atom was made after the discovery of the electron and was proposed by the discoverer of the electron, J. J. Thomson.


2. In it, the atom is envisioned as electrons surrounded by a soup of positive charge, like plums surrounded by pudding.


3. The electrons were positioned uniformly throughout the atom.


4. Instead of a soup, the model is also said to have had a cloud of positive charge.


5. This model can be compared to a British treat called plum pudding, hence the name. It is also known as the chocolate chip cookie model.

Ernest Rutherford Gold foil experiment

The Gold foil experiment, or Geiger-Marsden experiment was an experiment done by Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden in 1909, under the direction of Ernest Rutherford at the Physical Laboratories of the University of Manchester which led to the downfall of the plum pudding modelof the atom.

1. They measured the deflection of alpha particles directed normally onto a sheet of very thin gold foil.



2. Under the prevailing plum pudding model, the alpha particles should all have been deflected by  at most of a few degrees.


3. However they observed that a very small percentage of particles were deflected through angles much larger than 90 degrees.


4. From this Rutherford concluded that the atom contained a very small positive charge which could repel the alpha particles if they came close enough.

Rutherford Atom

1. Early in 1911 Rutherford published a revised model of the atom, known as the Rutherford atom.


2. He concluded that

• the atom is mostly empty space,

• most of the atom's mass concentrated in a tiny center, the nucleus and electrons being 
held in orbit around it by electrostatic attraction.

• The nucleus was around 10-15 meters in diameter, in the centre of a 10-10 metre 
diameter atom.

• Those alpha particles that had come into close proximity with the nucleus had been 
strongly

Model: Solar System Model (Bohr’s Model)

1. Niels Bohr improved on Rutherford's atomic model.

2. Bohr model depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in orbit - similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity.

3. According to Bohr’s Model

• Electrons in an atom of an element are not randomly distributed around the atomic nucleus.

• Electrons move around the nucleus in fixed orbits.• Each orbit forms a circle and has a fixed distance from the nucleus.

James Chadwick’s Model

In 1932, James Chadwick bombarded beryllium (Be) with alpha aprticles. He allowed the radiation emitted by beryllium to incident on a paraffin wax. It was found that protons were shot out form the paraffin wax. People began to look for what was in the "beryllium radiations". 

1. Chadwick discovered the presence of neutrons in the nucleus.

2. He concluded that the nucleus contains another tiny particle known as a neutron that has nocharge.

3. The neutron mass is almost similar to the proton mass.

4. All nuclei contain protons and neutrons, except for the hydrogen which contains protons. only

Modern Atomic Model

1. The atomic model in the present day is based on the contributions of the above scientists.

2. According to the modern atomic model,

(a) The central nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. It containing almost all the mass of the atom.

(b) the nucleus of an atom is very small compared to the size of the atom

(c) the electrons are orbiting outside the nucleus in the electron shells(d) the electrons are moving in electron shells at a very high speed and we cannot determine the position of the electrons at a particular time

The subatomic particles of an atom

1. Atoms are made up of tiny particles called subatomic particles.

2. An atom contains three types of subatomic particles:a. proton,b. neutron andc. electron,

3. The proton and neutron form the nucleus at the centre of an atom.

4. The electron moves around the nucleus at a very high speed.

5. The nucleus is positively charged because of the presence of protons, which are positively charged. The neutrons are neutral.

Proton number and nucleon number

Proton Number
1. The proton number (Z) represent the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.          Proton number = the number of protons

2. The proton number is also known as the atomic number.

3. In an atom of neutral charge, the number of electrons also equals the atomic number.

4. Hence, the proton number of an atom can also represent the number of electrons.

Nucleon Number

1. The nucleon number (A), also called atomic mass number or mass number, is the number ofprotons plus the number of neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

Nucleon number = Number of protons + Number of  Neutrons

The nucleon number of an atom is about the same as the mass of the atom because the mass of anelectron is very small and can be ignored.
Continued>>>>>>>>>>
Read more to excel
IX Atomic Structure ( a fundamental particles) Discovery of Electron

9th Atomic Structure (Discovery of a fundamental particle protons)

9th Atoms and Molecules 

9th Structure of Atoms 

Practice paper and sample paper based On Atomic structure 

Discovery of electrons, protons and neutrons      Download File

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